Vesta Finance - Zero Interest Lending Protocol on Arbitrum

TL;DR

Vesta Finance is a lending protocol on Layer2. Currently built on Arbitrum, it will be deployed on more layer 2s in the future. It is inspired by Liquity protocol but with more collaterals supported like renBTC and gOHM. It also has the same features as Liquity like: over-collateral to mint stable coins, 110% collateral ratios for ETH, zero interest rate, etc. The project was incubated by OlympusDAO and received investments and support from 0xMaki, DCFGod, Lau Brothers and others as advisors. The project went live on February 9, 2022.

Unique Features of Vesta

• Multi collateral suppporting: Currently supports ETH, renBTC, gOHM. While Liquity only supports ETH as collateral.
• High collateralization rate for gOHM: 175%, which means users can only borrow approximately $57 with $100 worth of gOHM as collateral. 110% CR for ETH in Liquity in normal mode.
• Flexible community governable parameters: over 50% of governance tokens VSTA are allocated to the community, fee rates, liquidation incentives and many parameters can be modified through governance voting. Liquity cannot modify any of these.
• Vesta is deployed on Arbitrum, with future deployment to multiple layer2s. Liquity only supports Ethereum.

Same features with Liquity

• Borrowing and repayment are the same: 110% minimum collateral ratio in normal mode for both ETH and renBTC (gOHM currently has a minimum collateral ratio of 175%). Borrowing&minting will occur fees (subject to change) but no interest.

• Borrowing&minting means opening a unique Vault (also known as Trove in Liquity).

• The redemption mechanism is similar: to maintain the hard peg of the VST stablecoin, anyone can redeem the corresponding value of collateral at price 1 VST = $1; All VST redempted will be used to liquidate users with lower collateral ratios, in descending order (Liquity is prioritized to liquidate the most risky positions). Redemptions are forcibly prohibited for total collateral ratios below 110%, and the product is not open for redemptions for 14 days after going live on the mainnet. (This is not very clear whether Liquity is also the same as this)

• The liquidation mechanism is the same: Stabilization Pool Liquidation, Debt Redistribution, Recovery Mode, Redemption Liquidation (also part of the auxiliary liquidation process).

How does Vesta Work?

Initially deployed on Arbitrum, Vesta Finance is a decentralized lending protocol that supports multiple collateral, allowing users to overcollateralize three assets - ETH, renBTC and gOHM - to mint the USD-pegged stablecoin VST. The minimum collateralization ratio for ETH and renBTC must not be less than 110%, and the minimum collateralization rate for gOHM must not be less than 175%, otherwise it will face liquidation.

That means: a user who has $2,210 worth of ETH deposited in Vesta can lend up to 2,000 VST (reaching the lower limit of 110% collateralization rate) and pay a fee of 10 VST. However, in reality this user can only lend less than 2,000 VST to avoid being liquidated.

Minting a stable coin with a lower collateral ratio will improve capital efficiency but is extremely risky and can easily be liquidated if the price fluctuates slightly. However, even in the event of liquidation, the user's loss is limited to the difference between his collateral ratio at the time of opening and the collateral ratio at the time of liquidation, so as long as the market is not extreme, the loss is still controllable.

As for the repayment term, the protocol has no deadline, users just need to constantly ensure their collateralization ratio and not be liquidated. When repayment is made, users will return the stable coin VST and get back his own collaterals.

How VST pegged with USD?

Each borrower is required to open their own unique Vault to mint the stablecoin VST, and the Vaults record users' debt. The minted VST is pegged 1:1 to USD through a "hard peg" mechanism executed by the Vesta smart contract. That is, any user can trade 1 VST for $1 of current collaterals at Vesta. This process is called Redemption. This "hard peg" mechanism creates a strong arbitrage incentive to redeem or mint VSTs, thus to maintain their price peg when the VST price is drifting away. In addition, Vesta dynamically adjusts the cost (fees) of minting VSTs, indirectly using a "soft peg" mechanism to peg prices.

What can VST do?

As a USD stablecoin, within the Vesta ecosystem, VST will be used directly as USD. Externally, if VST is not recognized or accepted enough, users can go to Curve's Factory Pool to trade VST into FRAX stablecoin (more pairs of stablecoins pools may be launched in the future) to use FRAX directly. While early in the project, Vesta is also adopting liquidity farming incentives to encourage users who have VST to deposit into Curve to stimulate liquidity.

The pool of VSTs in Curve is as follows: https://arbitrum.curve.fi/factory/19

VST/FRAX Pair data, Source: https://arbitrum.curve.fi/factory/19

What is Redemption?

In lending protocols like Vesta and Liquity, redemption process is different from repayment. Redemption means that any user who holds VST (acquired in from minting, purchasing in DEX, transferring by others, etc.) can go to Vesta and redeem for collaterals (minus a fee of course, which is automatically adjusted according to the algorithm), which will be used to liquidate the debt in other Vaults with a collateral ratio below 110%. Since most of these liquidated Vaults are still over collateralized, after these collateral is liquidated, an equivalent amount is allocated to the redeemer and the surplus is returned to the liquidated person. The basic principle of the liquidation order is that priority is given to liquidating the riskier and less collateralized vaults. This is also consistent with Liquity. The repayment is specific to each Vault opener. Using the VST redemption feature to exchange collateral does not reduce your debt position. It requires you to complete your own repayment processes independently.

Two step of Liquidation and Recovery mode

This part is basically identical to Liquity, this article will briefly introduce the logic, more specific rules see: https://docs.vestafinance.xyz/technical-overview/liquidation-and-the-stability-pool

1. Liquidation principle: Stability pool takes priority in reducing debts . If it is not enough, the debt will be redistributed.

Vesta has built a Stability Pool composed entirely of VST stable coins as a first layer of protection to liquidate defaulted loans. Likewise, Vesta provides farming incentives to encourage the expansion of this stable pool.

Stability Pools data of three collaterals, 2022.2.10, Source: https://vestafinance.xyz/staking/stability

Any user may deposit VST to the Stability Pool. When liquidation occurs, the liquidated debt is cancelled with the same amount of VST in the Stability Pool. The cancelled debt will be burnt, and the liquidated collateral will be proportionally distributed to depositors.

Since all loans are over collateralized and when they fall below 110%, they will trigger liquidation, there is a portion of the excess collateral that will be distributed to Stability Pool participants after the loan is cancelled (offset) with VST from the Pool. Stability Pool participants who receive a collateral bonus may choose not to withdraw the bonus and instead transfer the collateral to their Vaults.

If there is still not enough to liquidate the loan after the Pool's liquidity is already exhausted, a redistribution is triggered. It will reallocate the debts that need to be liquidated to other vaults (increasing others collaterals, decreasing others CR). Allocated users will receive a net gain with a lower collateral rate, for example (we used Liquity's example for clarity).

Source: https://docs.liquity.org/faq/stability-pool-and-liquidations

1. Recovery mode: For extreme situations

When the system's total collateral ratio falls below a critical value (150% in Liquity), the system enters a recovery mode: all borrowing transactions that will continue to reduce the collateral ratio are forcibly stopped, and all Vaults below 150% are queued in line for liquidation: the lowest collateral ratio is prioritized until the system's total collateral ratio is restored above 150%.

How to use Vesta?

Borrow VST

After connecting the wallet to Arbitrum, users who want to borrow money can deposit collaterals, enter the amount they want to borrow, mint VST coins, and open their own borrowing Vaults, in the Portfolio interface on the Vesta website.

Source: https://docs.vestafinance.xyz/tutorials/lending-tutorials/opening-a-vault

The acquired VST can be used to: Stability Pool, deposited in Curve forming a Pair with Frax to farm on Vesta, or traded into Frax in Curve for other operations.

Participate in liquidity incentive activities

Currently, there are three types farming activities: Stability Pool farming (described above), compose VSTA/ETH pair in Balancer for liquidity farming, and compose VST/FRAX pair in Curve for liquidity farming.

The method of participation is simple: after the liquidity is provided by the respective platform, the LP Token is deposited into the Staking mode of Vesta. For a detailed tutorial, please refer to: https://docs.vestafinance.xyz/tutorials/liquidity-incentive-tutorials/staking-your-lp-token

Vesta's farming data of Balancer and Curve pairs, 2022.2.10, Source: https://vestafinance.xyz/staking/liquidity

Three stability Pool's farming data, 2022.2.10, Source: https://vestafinance.xyz/staking/stability

Tokenomics: VSTA

• Name: $VSTA
• Total Supply: 100,000,000（100 million）
• Distribution: Community Treasury: 51.0%. Core Team: 11.0%. Core Team Future Contributor: 10.0%. Bootstrapping Event: 8.0%. Strategic Partners Fundraise: 6.0%. OlympusDAO: 6.0%. Advisor: 4.0%. LQTY Stakers: 2.0%；First Round of Whitelisting: 2.0%

VSTA distribution. Source: https://docs.vestafinance.xyz/tokenomics/vsta-tokenomics

Core functions:

51%, as a reward for the community treasury incentive, where the initial farming activity is rewarded, distributed in the following five pools.

• VSTA-ETH (the community has successfully migrated the Sushiswap pool to Balancer): https://arbitrum.balancer.fi/#/pool/0xc61ff48f94d801c1ceface0289085197b5ec44f00002000000000000000000000000004d

• Factory Pool on Curve provides liquidity: https://arbitrum.curve.fi/factory/19

• Three pools in the Stability Pool: https://vestafinance.xyz/staking/stability

Remaining rewards will be allocated to future participation in liquidation, partnership and community incentive programs (up to 47% of tokens are used for this purpose)

25%, allocated to core contributors, which will be locked for 6 months and then vest into 2 years in linear. The advisory team includes: 0xMaki, DCFGod, Lau Brother (Not3Lau Capital), etc.

14%, allocated to investors and partners, which will also be locked for 6 months and then vested linearly over 2 years. 6% is held by the OlympusDAO community, mainly due to the fact that Vesta Finance is a project incubated by the OlympusDAO community, and the use of gOHM as collateral is also an effort to further promote OHM as a common reserve currency in Crypto. 2% will be allocated to stakers of LQTY, Liquity's governance token.

Early supporters and whitelisting:

• Vesta is offering a relatively cheaper VSTA limited sale to early supporters of the community (December 2021 - January 15, 2022): $0.375/ VSTA, of which 50% of the tokens will be vested immediately upon the liquidity pool went live and the remaining 50% will also have a 6 months cliff and vest linearly over 2 years.

• These tokens represent 2% of the total.

• A whitelist of approximately 600 addresses.

• The ranks, depending on their percentage of contribution, are as follows.

Source: https://docs.vestafinance.xyz/tokenomics/vsta-tokenomics/whitelist

Governance

Unlike Liquity, Vesta Finance allocates a larger share of tokens to the community with the primary purpose of incentivizing members to actively govern. Members holding governance tokens can vote on improvements to parameters such as: interest rates, mint rates and new collateral types, and in the early stage, the project will use snapshots for voting. Currently, Vesta's DAO uses Barnbridge's multi-signature Genesis DAO model to prevent bad behaviours by whales.

In their official documentation, the content of the parameters that can be modified by voting is given as:

1. The liquidation ratio: contains the Minimum collateral ratio (MCR) and the Critical collateral ratio (CCR) (the Minimum collateral ratio in Recovery mode: Crtical collateral ratio)
2. On specific liquidation: including liquidation fees.
3. On opening borrowing and minting VST: contains the minimum number of VST mintings at the time of opening the vault, the upper and lower limits of the borrowing fee rate.
4. On redemptions: contains the minimum redemption rate.

Future Roadmap

• Support for more collaterals, running its own Chainlink nodes.

• Deployment to more Layer2 and non-EVM chains in addition to Arbitrum.

Reference

• Website: https://vestafinance.xyz/

• Twitter: https://twitter.com/vestafinance

• Docs: https://docs.vestafinance.xyz/

• Medium: https://medium.com/@VestaFinance

• Curve factory: https://arbitrum.curve.fi/factory/19

• Currently, Balancer got the best liquidity for trading：https://arbitrum.balancer.fi/#/trade/ether/0xa684cd057951541187f288294a1e1c2646aa2d24

• Balancer VSTA's analytics page：https://arbitrum.balancer.fi/#/pool/0xc61ff48f94d801c1ceface0289085197b5ec44f000020000000000000000004d